How to Fix A Laptop or PC

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In modern era many things in education and technology are growing day by day. Something which is very essential in our life is daily updates of what’s happening in world, why and how it is happening. In order to update himself/herself everybody is using computers/laptops through which they can access internet from anywhere. Also everywhere whether in offices, homes, schools people are using computers. As the number of Laptop and Desktop users is increasing day by day, problems associated with them is also increasing side by side.

This is the main reason why people are eager to learn technique of repairing laptops desktops. They are searching ways to establish themselves in laptop/desktop repairing industry. If a person is aware of the technique how to repair laptop, he can get best way to earn his income at higher level. Everyone is using laptops but only a few people are aware how to sort out the problems related with them. This gives an opportunity to people who are willing to start up their own business. There is no better option than making a future in desktops laptops repairing industry. One can start up his own business in this field from small scale and then exploring it to new heights. This is such a business where we can earn more by investing less. Besides this there are many job opportunities lying in this sector for upcoming youngsters.

Now the main question which arises is from where one can learn desktop laptop repairing. There are numerous answers to this question in the form of laptop repairing institute. Among them we are the best way for you to enroll in this sector. We are well known in this industry for past ten years. We provide the most advanced level laptop repairing course, various laptop repairing books, motherboard repairing books, skilled and experienced faculties, more practice hours, good equipments and tools by which one could proceed on the path of success.

The Laptop Repair Course will teach how to fix almost all laptop and pc related problems!

How to Repair Laptop Water Damage

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Spilling liquid on any of your electronics, especially your laptop, can be a very nerve racking experience, and you may even believe that laptop water damage means the end of your computer. Many warranties will cover accidental damage, but that protection becomes void if you try to repair a laptop yourself. So if you have a warranty, contact the company immediately. The first thing you must do when any liquid is spilled on your laptop is unplug it and remove the battery, along with any cords and external hardware. Next, you must try to dry up any liquid and allow the machine to sit for a period of time before trying to power it up again.

In the event that any liquid comes in contact with your laptop, if it isn't already off, you must shut it off immediately. If necessary, execute a hard shut down by pressing the power button for a few seconds. The battery should also be removed as well as any cords and cables, and any additional external hardware, such as an external hard drive or flash drives. Following these initial steps may stop any laptop water damage from occurring. Not shutting it off could cause certain components in your machine, especially the motherboard, to short out.

The next step is to remove as much water as possible from the laptop. If just a little liquid was spilled, you may be able to blot it up with a soft, lint-free cloth. Larger amounts of liquid are most likely to cause laptop water damage. To get rid of this water, blot up any liquid that you can see and tilt the machine to the side to drain out as much liquid as possible.

You may also have to disassemble the laptop to remove any water inside the machine. Before doing this, keep in mind that any static electricity can ruin a machine just as easily as laptop water damage can, and you should take measures to prevent this from happening. Most professionals recommend using an anti-static wristband, but if this is unavailable, you may be able to ground yourself by continuously touching the bare metal frame of the computer. To disassemble the laptop, follow the manufacturers instructions, which can often be found in your owner's manual or online.

When inside, blot up any visible liquid. If you have spilled something like soda of coffee on a laptop, you may want to rinse certain components to prevent them from becoming sticky. Rinse only the parts that have been affected, and many computer repair technicians recommend that you only use de-ionized or distilled water when doing this. After you have dried and cleaned as much liquid as you can from the inside, leave the cover off, if possible, for the next step.

After following the previous steps, the only thing to do next is to wait. Place the laptop somewhere warm and dry to air out and let any remaining liquid evaporate. Some experts recommend using a fan or hair dryer set on cool, but others advise against this. Let the laptop sit for at least a day or two before turning it back on. Usually if any damage has been done, it will make itself known within the first day of using the computer, and if you notice it running differently, it may have received some laptop water damage.

To prevent laptop water damage, it is important to keep your machine completely away from any liquid whatsoever. This includes using the machine next to sinks or tubs, as well as leaving it outside. Drinks should never be set next to the computer, and it is also a good idea to supervise children when they are using your laptop.

Learn more: http://www.wisegeek.com/

How to Repair a Laptop Battery

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Most laptop batteries are smart. This means that the pack consists of two parts: the chemical cells and the digital circuit. If the cells are weak, cell replacement makes economic sense. While nickel-based cells are readily available, lithium-ion cells are commonly not sold over the counter, and most manufacturers only offer them to authorized pack assemblers. This precaution is understandable given liability issues. Read also about Safety Concerns and Protection Circuits. Always use the same chemistry; the mAh rating can vary if all cells are replaced.

A laptop battery may have only one weak cell, and the success rate of replacing the affected cell depends on the matching with the others. All cells in a pack must have a similar capacity because an imbalance shortens the life of the pack. Read more about Can Batteries Be Restored?. Furthermore, the state-of-charge of all cells being charged for the first time should have a similar charge level, and the open-circuit voltages should be within 10 percent of each other. Welding the cells is the only reliable way to get dependable connection. Limit the heat transfer to the cells during welding to prevent excess heat buildup.

The typical SMBus battery has five or more battery connections consisting of positive and negative battery terminals, thermistor, clock and data. The connections are often unmarked; however, the positive and negative are commonly located at the outer edges of the connector and the inner contacts accommodate the clock and data. (The one-wire system combines clock and data.) For safety reasons, a separate thermistor wire is brought to the outside. Figure 1 illustrates a battery with six connections.

Figure 1: Terminal connection of a typical laptop battery The positive and negative terminals are usually placed on the outside; no norm exists on the arrangement of the other contacts. Courtesy of Cadex

Some batteries are equipped with a solid-state switch that is normally in the “off” position and no voltage is present on the battery terminals; connecting the switch terminal to ground often turns the battery on. If this does not work, the pack may need a proprietary code for activation, and battery manufacturers keep these codes a well-guarded secret.

How can you find the correct terminals? Use a voltmeter to locate the positive and negative battery terminals and establish the polarity. If no voltage is available, a solid-state switch in the “off” position may need activating. Connecting the voltmeter to the outer terminals, take a 100-Ohm resistor (other values may also work), tie one end to ground, and with the other end touch each terminal while observing the voltmeter. If no voltage appears, the battery may be dead or the pack will require a security code. The 100-Ohm resistor is low enough to engage a digital circuit and high enough to protect the battery against a possible electrical short.

Establishing the connection to the battery terminals should now enable charging. If the charge current stops after 30 seconds, an activation code may be required, and this is often difficult if not impossible to obtain.

Some battery manufacturers add an end-of-battery-life switch that turns the battery off when reaching a certain age or cycle count. Manufacturers argue that customer satisfaction and safety can only be guaranteed by regularly replacing the battery. Such a policy tends to satisfy the manufacturer more than the user, and newer batteries do not include this feature.

If at all possible, connect the thermistor during charging and discharging to protect the battery against possible overheating. Use an ohmmeter to locate the internal thermistor. The most common thermistors are 10 Kilo Ohm NTC, which reads 10kΩ at 20°C (68°F). NTC stands for negative temperature coefficient, meaning that the resistance decreases with rising temperature. In comparison, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) causes the resistance to increase. Warming the battery with your hand may be sufficient to detect a small change in resistor value when looking for the correct terminal on the battery.

In some cases the chemical battery can be restored, but the fuel gauge might not work, is inaccurate, or will provide wrong information. After repackaging, the battery may need some sort of initialization/ calibration process. Simply charging and discharging the pack to reset the flags might do the trick. A “flag” is a measuring point to mark and record an event.

 The circuits of some smart batteries must be kept alive during cell replacement. Disconnecting the voltage for only a fraction of a second can erase vital data in the memory. The lost data could contain the resistor value of the digitized shunt that is responsible for the coulomb counter. Some integrated circuits (IC) responsible for fuel gauge function have wires going to each cell, and the sequence of assembly must to be done in the correct order.

To assure continued operation when changing the cells, supply a secondary voltage through a 100-Ohm resistor to the circuit before disconnection and remove the supply only after the circuit receives voltage again from the new cells. Cell replacement of a smart battery has a parallel with open-heart surgery, where doctors must keep all organs of the patient alive.

Anyone repairing an SMBus battery needs to be aware of compliance issues. Unlike other tightly regulated standards, the SMBus allows some variations, and this can cause problems when matching battery packs with existing chargers. The repaired SMBus battery should be checked for compatibility before use. 

Simple Guidelines when Repairing Battery Packs

• Only connect cells that are matched and have the identical state-of-charge. Do not connect cells of different chemistry, age or capacity.
   
• Never charge or discharge Li-ion batteries without a working protection circuit unattended. Each cell must be monitored individually.
   
• Include a temperature sensor that disrupts the current on high heat.
   
• Apply a slow charge only if the cells have different state-of-charge.
   
• Pay special attention when using an unknown brand of cells. Some may not contain a high level of intrinsic safety features.
   
• Li-ion is sensitive to reverse polarization. Observe correct polarity.
   
• Do not charge a Li-ion battery that exhibits physical damage or has dwelled at a voltage of less than 1.5V/cell.
   
• When repairing Li-ion, assure that each cell is connected to a protection circuit.

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